Yau juma’a 1 ga watan Oktoba 2021 Najeriya ke bikin cika shekaru 61 da samun ‘yancin kai daga Turawan mulin mallakar Ingila.
Kasar da tafi kowacce kasa yawan al’umma a Afirka, tana tinkaho da yawan mutanen da suka zarce miliyan 200 da kuma kabilun da suka kai 250, tare da arzikin ma’adinai iri-iri da noma da kuma kiwo.
An dai kafa sabuwar Najeriya ce a shekarar 1914 lokacin da Turawa suka hada Lardin Lagos da Arewaci da kuma kudancin Najeriya wajen zama kasa guda, amma sai a shekarar 1960 kasar ta samu yancin kai, yayin da a shekarar 1963 ta zama Jamhuriya.
Cikin fitattun ‘yan siyasar da suka taka rawa wajen fafutukar samar wa kasar ‘yanci sun hada da Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe da Chief Obafemi Awolowo da Sir. Ahmadu Bello da Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa da Anthony Enahoro da Herbert Macauley da Aminu Kano da makamantan su.
Najeriya ta amince da tsarin mulkin ‘Yan Majalisu ne a lokacin karbar mulki, inda Firaminista Sir. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ke jagorancin gwamnati, yayin da Dr. Azikiwe ya zama shugaban kasa na jeka na yi ka, bayan sun kulla kawancen kafa gwamnati tare, sakamakon rinjayen da suka samu a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa.
Sojoji a karkashin jagorancin Janar Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi sun hambarar da gwamnatin Janhuriya ta farko a shekarar 1966, inda suka kashe Firaminista Sir. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, abin da ya bai wa Ironsi damar zama shugaban kasa, kafin daga bisani Janar Yakubu Gowon ya kawar da gwamnatinsa.
Juyin mulkin da aka yi wa Ironsi da kuma nada Janar Gowon a matsayin shugaban kasa ya sanya Kanar Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu kaddamar da yunkurin kafa kasar Biafra, abin da ya haifar da yakin basasar da ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar dubban mutane, kafin kulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya.
Kokarin Janar Gowon na ci gaba da zama a karagar mulki na dogon lokaci ba tare da mika mulki ga farar hula ba, ya yi sanadiyar hambarar da gwamnatinsa inda Janar Murtala Muhammad ya karbi iko, sai dai bai dade a karaga ba aka kashe shi, inda mataimakinsa Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya karbi mulki.
Biyu daga cikin alkawuran da Murtala ya yi sun hada da mika mulki ga fararen hula da kuma mayar da babban birnin Najeriya Abuja, kuma Obasanjo ya mika mulki ga Alh. Shehu Shagari ranar 1 ga watan Oktobar shekarar 1979.
Bayan shekaru 4 a karaga, Janar Muhammadu Buhari ya hambarar da gwamnatin Shehu Shagari, yayin da shi ma bayan watanni 20 a karaga, Janar Ibrahim Babangida ya kawar da shi a mulki.
Yunkurin Janar Babangida na mayar da mulki ga fararen hula ya ci tura, inda aka dauki dogon lokaci ana tufka da warwara, abin da ya kai ga soke zaben da aka yi a shekarar 1993, wanda daga bisani aka bayyana Chief MKO Abiola a matsayin wanda ya lashe.
Soke zaben ya haifar da matsin lamba ga Janar Babangida, abin da ya tilasta masa nada Chief Ernest Shonekan domin ya jagoranci gwamnatin rikon kwarya, shi kuma ya sauka daga mulki.
Daga bisani Shonekan ya sauka daga mulki, abin da ya bai wa Janar Sani Abacha damar karbe iko har zuwa lokacin da ya rasu a karagar mulki. Karbar mulkin Abacha ta sa kasashen duniya sun kakaba wa Najeriya takunkumi da kuma daina hulda da ita, amma hakan bai hana shugaban ci gaba da hulda da wasu kasashe ba wajen inganta rayuwar talakawa.
Rasuwar Abacha ta bai wa Janar Abdulsalami Abubakar damar shirya zabe da kafa wannan sabuwar dimokiradiya wajen bai wa Obasanjo na Jam’iyyar PDP mulki, inda ya kwashe shekaru 8, kafin mika mulki ga Malam Umaru Musa ‘Yar Adua wanda Allah Ya yi wa rasuwa kana mataimakinsa Goodluck Jonathan ya karasa mulki.
Bayan karasa mulkin Yar Adua da kuma karin shekaru 4, shugaba mai ci Muhammadu Buhari ya kada Jonathan a zabe inda ya karbi iko kuma yanzu haka yake wa’adi na biyu.
Tun daga samun ‘yancin kai har zuwa yanzu, batun cin hanci da rashawa da almubazzaranci da dukiyar jama’a shi ne sojoji ke amfani da su wajen gudanar da juyin mulki, matakin da ke haifar da targade ga dimokiradiyar Najeriya lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Najeriya ta samu kudade sosai ta hanyar noma da kiwo da man fetur amma cin hanci da rashawa sun takaita ci gaban da ya dace ace kasar ta samu, inda lokaci zuwa lokaci ake tuhumar manyan jami’an gwamnati da rub da ciki da kudaden talakawa.
Gwamnatin Gowon ta gudanar da aikace-aikace da dama na raya kasa, musamman gina birnin Lagos da kuma gudanar da wasu ayyukan jin dadin rayuwar jama’a, sakamakon kudaden man da kasar ta samu masu yawa.
Ita ma gwamnatin Janar Babangida ta samu irin wadannan kudade lokacin yakin tekun Fasha, inda aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da kayan more rayuwa da kammala aikin gina Abuja.
Lokacin gwamnatin Jonathan an samu irin wadannan kudade na mai, amma tashin hankalin da ya bullo sakamakon yaki da Boko Haram ya hana cin gajiyar kudaden, yayin da aka tuhumi wasu jami’an gwamnati da sace wani kaso na dukiyar.
Mayakan Boko Haram sun zafafa hare-haren bama- bamai a garuruwan arewacin Najeriya har da Abuja lokacin Jonathan da sace dalibai ‘yan mata a garin Chibok inda har yanzu ba a gano wasu daga cikin su ba.
Shugaba Obasanjo ya taka rawa wajen daga kimar Najeriya a kasashen duniya da kuma taimakawa wajen ganin an yafe wa kasar basusukan da kasashen duniya ke bin ta, amma kuma batar Dala miliyan 30 wajen aikin samar da wutar latarkin da ba a gani ba ya shafa wa gwamnatin kashin kaji.
Shugaba Buhari ya gaji Najeriya a daidai lokacin da tattalin arzikin kasar ya samu koma-baya da kuma faduwar farashin mai, abin da ya tilasta wa gwamnatinsa dogaro da bashin kasashen waje domin gudanar da manyan ayyukan da take yi.
Matsalar tsaro ta yi kamari a karkashin shugaba Buhari sakamakon karuwar hare-haren Book Haram da kuma bullar ‘yan bindiga barayin shanu da masu garkuwa da mutane da kuma rikici tsakanin manoma da makiyaya.
Rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya na dada fitowa musamman wadanda suke ganin ba a damawa da su a cikin gwamnati, yayin da kasar ke ci gaba da fuskantar barazana daga kungiyoyin shiyoyi, duk da ci gaban da aka samu a wasu fannoni da dama da ke kasar a daidai lokacin da ake wannan biki na cika shekaru 60 da samun ‘yancin kai.
Kasar da tafi kowacce kasa yawan al’umma a Afirka, tana tinkaho da yawan mutanen da suka zarce miliyan 200 da kuma kabilun da suka kai 250, tare da arzikin ma’adinai iri-iri da noma da kuma kiwo.
An dai kafa sabuwar Najeriya ce a shekarar 1914 lokacin da Turawa suka hada Lardin Lagos da Arewaci da kuma kudancin Najeriya wajen zama kasa guda, amma sai a shekarar 1960 kasar ta samu yancin kai, yayin da a shekarar 1963 ta zama Jamhuriya.
Cikin fitattun ‘yan siyasar da suka taka rawa wajen fafutukar samar wa kasar ‘yanci sun hada da Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe da Chief Obafemi Awolowo da Sir. Ahmadu Bello da Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa da Anthony Enahoro da Herbert Macauley da Aminu Kano da makamantan su.
Najeriya ta amince da tsarin mulkin ‘Yan Majalisu ne a lokacin karbar mulki, inda Firaminista Sir. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ke jagorancin gwamnati, yayin da Dr. Azikiwe ya zama shugaban kasa na jeka na yi ka, bayan sun kulla kawancen kafa gwamnati tare, sakamakon rinjayen da suka samu a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa.
Sojoji a karkashin jagorancin Janar Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi sun hambarar da gwamnatin Janhuriya ta farko a shekarar 1966, inda suka kashe Firaminista Sir. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, abin da ya bai wa Ironsi damar zama shugaban kasa, kafin daga bisani Janar Yakubu Gowon ya kawar da gwamnatinsa.
Juyin mulkin da aka yi wa Ironsi da kuma nada Janar Gowon a matsayin shugaban kasa ya sanya Kanar Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu kaddamar da yunkurin kafa kasar Biafra, abin da ya haifar da yakin basasar da ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar dubban mutane, kafin kulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya.
Kokarin Janar Gowon na ci gaba da zama a karagar mulki na dogon lokaci ba tare da mika mulki ga farar hula ba, ya yi sanadiyar hambarar da gwamnatinsa inda Janar Murtala Muhammad ya karbi iko, sai dai bai dade a karaga ba aka kashe shi, inda mataimakinsa Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya karbi mulki.
Biyu daga cikin alkawuran da Murtala ya yi sun hada da mika mulki ga fararen hula da kuma mayar da babban birnin Najeriya Abuja, kuma Obasanjo ya mika mulki ga Alh. Shehu Shagari ranar 1 ga watan Oktobar shekarar 1979.
Bayan shekaru 4 a karaga, Janar Muhammadu Buhari ya hambarar da gwamnatin Shehu Shagari, yayin da shi ma bayan watanni 20 a karaga, Janar Ibrahim Babangida ya kawar da shi a mulki.
Yunkurin Janar Babangida na mayar da mulki ga fararen hula ya ci tura, inda aka dauki dogon lokaci ana tufka da warwara, abin da ya kai ga soke zaben da aka yi a shekarar 1993, wanda daga bisani aka bayyana Chief MKO Abiola a matsayin wanda ya lashe.
Soke zaben ya haifar da matsin lamba ga Janar Babangida, abin da ya tilasta masa nada Chief Ernest Shonekan domin ya jagoranci gwamnatin rikon kwarya, shi kuma ya sauka daga mulki.
Daga bisani Shonekan ya sauka daga mulki, abin da ya bai wa Janar Sani Abacha damar karbe iko har zuwa lokacin da ya rasu a karagar mulki. Karbar mulkin Abacha ta sa kasashen duniya sun kakaba wa Najeriya takunkumi da kuma daina hulda da ita, amma hakan bai hana shugaban ci gaba da hulda da wasu kasashe ba wajen inganta rayuwar talakawa.
Rasuwar Abacha ta bai wa Janar Abdulsalami Abubakar damar shirya zabe da kafa wannan sabuwar dimokiradiya wajen bai wa Obasanjo na Jam’iyyar PDP mulki, inda ya kwashe shekaru 8, kafin mika mulki ga Malam Umaru Musa ‘Yar Adua wanda Allah Ya yi wa rasuwa kana mataimakinsa Goodluck Jonathan ya karasa mulki.
Bayan karasa mulkin Yar Adua da kuma karin shekaru 4, shugaba mai ci Muhammadu Buhari ya kada Jonathan a zabe inda ya karbi iko kuma yanzu haka yake wa’adi na biyu.
Tun daga samun ‘yancin kai har zuwa yanzu, batun cin hanci da rashawa da almubazzaranci da dukiyar jama’a shi ne sojoji ke amfani da su wajen gudanar da juyin mulki, matakin da ke haifar da targade ga dimokiradiyar Najeriya lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Najeriya ta samu kudade sosai ta hanyar noma da kiwo da man fetur amma cin hanci da rashawa sun takaita ci gaban da ya dace ace kasar ta samu, inda lokaci zuwa lokaci ake tuhumar manyan jami’an gwamnati da rub da ciki da kudaden talakawa.
Gwamnatin Gowon ta gudanar da aikace-aikace da dama na raya kasa, musamman gina birnin Lagos da kuma gudanar da wasu ayyukan jin dadin rayuwar jama’a, sakamakon kudaden man da kasar ta samu masu yawa.
Ita ma gwamnatin Janar Babangida ta samu irin wadannan kudade lokacin yakin tekun Fasha, inda aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da kayan more rayuwa da kammala aikin gina Abuja.
Lokacin gwamnatin Jonathan an samu irin wadannan kudade na mai, amma tashin hankalin da ya bullo sakamakon yaki da Boko Haram ya hana cin gajiyar kudaden, yayin da aka tuhumi wasu jami’an gwamnati da sace wani kaso na dukiyar.
Mayakan Boko Haram sun zafafa hare-haren bama- bamai a garuruwan arewacin Najeriya har da Abuja lokacin Jonathan da sace dalibai ‘yan mata a garin Chibok inda har yanzu ba a gano wasu daga cikin su ba.
Shugaba Obasanjo ya taka rawa wajen daga kimar Najeriya a kasashen duniya da kuma taimakawa wajen ganin an yafe wa kasar basusukan da kasashen duniya ke bin ta, amma kuma batar Dala miliyan 30 wajen aikin samar da wutar latarkin da ba a gani ba ya shafa wa gwamnatin kashin kaji.
Shugaba Buhari ya gaji Najeriya a daidai lokacin da tattalin arzikin kasar ya samu koma-baya da kuma faduwar farashin mai, abin da ya tilasta wa gwamnatinsa dogaro da bashin kasashen waje domin gudanar da manyan ayyukan da take yi.
Matsalar tsaro ta yi kamari a karkashin shugaba Buhari sakamakon karuwar hare-haren ƴan bindiga masu garkuwa da mutane da kuma rikici tsakanin manoma da makiyaya.
Rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya na dada fitowa musamman wadanda suke ganin ba a damawa da su a cikin gwamnati, yayin da kasar ke ci gaba da fuskantar barazana daga kungiyoyin shiyoyi, duk da ci gaban da aka samu a wasu fannoni da dama da ke kasar a daidai lokacin da ake wannan biki na cika shekaru 61 da samun ‘yancin kai.
